Human Sexuality And Culture Course - 1403 Words

While taking this Human Sexuality and Culture course, I was presented with a question during one of the discussions: If you had a child with ambiguous genitalia, what would you do? How would you raise him or her? I had to think about this question for a few moments; I had never even considered it! I live in a culture where people fight for equality and others strive to be accepted because they may be different but they are human beings, and I support them; yet, I never imagined how I would be as a parent to such a person. How could I raise someone who would be so young and still have more courage than I had, because they, unlike me, could stand against a thousand people telling them they are wrong and still know they were right? What would†¦show more content†¦It is estimated that between 0.05% and 1.7% of the global population are born intersex; the latter estimation is close to the percent of the population of red-haired people (Larsson, 2016). Only two countries in the w orld have made formal guidelines preventing surgery on intersex infants. In January earlier this year, the Chilean government issued a guidance to stop healthcare professionals from intervening, and in April of last year the country of Malta was the first country to prohibit these surgeries by law (Larsson, 2016). The Morality of Abortion. A very controversial issue in modern politics is a mother’s right to abort pregnancy. One side, pro-life, include those â€Å"who are morally opposed to abortion, believe it is akin to murder, and hold that it should be made illegal†; the other side, pro-choice, includes those â€Å"who believe that a mother has a moral and legal right to choose to abort her pregnancy† (Hock, 2016, p. 339). I have debated the morality of abortion since I was old enough to comprehend what exactly it was. I have gone from one side to the other, sometimes believing that the fetus deserves a chance at life and other times realizing the effects it may have on the mother. My reasoning for supporting pro-life is based on fetal development so early in the pregnancy. By only the tenth week of

The Problem Of Database Security - 921 Words

Database security is really a broad place which addresses a lot of troubles, such as next: †¢ Different legal along with honorable troubles regarding the directly to gain access to selected information—for case in point, a number of details could possibly be deemed being private along with can t be accessed legitimately by means of unauthorized organizations or maybe persons. In the states, there are many regulations overseeing comfort associated with details. †¢ Plan troubles at the governmental, institutional, or maybe corporate level about what sorts of details shouldn t be produced openly available—for case in point, credit scoring along with personal healthcare records. †¢ System-related troubles for example the process amounts of which a variety of security characteristics needs to be enforced—for case in point, no matter whether some sort of security function needs to be dealt with at the bodily components level, the operating-system level, or maybe the DBMS level. †¢ The need in most organizations to recognize many security amounts and categorize the info along with consumers determined by these types of classifications—for case in point, key, technique, confidential, along with unclassified. This security policy of the corporation regarding permitting entry to a variety of classifications associated with files should be enforced. †¢ Dangers to be able to listings can lead to wreckage associated with security targets such as honesty, accessibility along withShow MoreRelatedResearch Security Issues Within Modern Nosql Data Bases Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pages Title: Research security issues in modern NoSQL data bases. Are the vulnerable to NoSQLi attacks the NoSQL equivaluen Name: Professor: Course: Institution: Date: Abstract A lot of speculations have been raised on whether modern NoSQL database is vulnerable to NoSQL attacks or not. The aim of the paper was to research on this issue and after thorough, the paper identified that modern NoSQL database is vulnerable to NoSQL attacks. The problem in the research paper was to identify howRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Database Security1422 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is a database? According to our book, it’s an organized collection of logically related data. The information collected in a database can be effortlessly administered and accessed. However, with each database there is a concern of security. According to our book, the goal of database security is to protect and prevent data from unintentional or deliberate threats to its integrity and accessibility. The database environment has grown more complex, with distributed databases located on client/serverRead MoreThe Security Research Of Cloud Database1442 Words   |  6 Pages The security research of cloud database Hao Xu Professor: Carol Auerbach Course Number: EAP 6110 20 Date: 12/1/2014 1. Introduction 1.1 Background In September, there was breaking news in the American entertainment world – private pictures of Hollywood movie star Jennifer Lawrence and other celebrities were leaked online by hacker who stole the pictures from their Apple’s iCloud. People were shocked by this news, and a debate was generated online on whether cloud technologyRead MoreConcept of Dbms1149 Words   |  5 PagesDMS 410 – Database Management System 1 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Database Management Answers to Review Questions What is redundancy? What problems are associated with redundancy? 1. Redundancy is the duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place. Redundancy wastes space, makes the updating of data more cumbersome and time-consuming, and can lead to inconsistencies. Besides redundancy, what other problems are associated with the non-database approachRead MoreArchitecture : Online Architecture858 Words   |  4 Pagesmission-critical business problems and achieve major productivity advantages. Data Tier: This data tier includes the database or file system to stored and retrieved back to logic tier for processing then eventually to user service layer. The problem worth considering is performance issue and network security. Performance issue: traffic between Application Servers and Database Servers is usually quite large. This is because the application servers query the database for information, perform theRead MoreSynopsis Of The Security Comparison1321 Words   |  6 PagesSynopsis The following table displays the synopsis of the security comparison: Functions Oracle SQL Server Authentication Authentication by OS, Network, Oracle, multi-tier, SSL, and database administrators. Windows authentication integration. Mixed mode of Windows and SQL Server maintained within SQL Server. Authorization User resource limits and profiles. Privileges. Roles. Applications Roles. Fine-Grained Access Control. Fixed server, database, and users roles. Ownership and User-schema separationRead MoreAnalysis Memorandum1532 Words   |  7 Pagesmemorandum proposing the use of Microsoft Access databases within our Security Division’s infrastructure. Many security managers are relying heavily on the use of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets in order to keep track of their personnel, security violations, inspection programs and training. While spreadsheets are effective means for complex calculations they are also limited in that they basically fall short in showing the relational qualities of security data in relationship to particular fields andRead MoreBuilding An Application For Hospital Management And Patient Health Records Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesmodified too. Not only the applications but the databases and warehouses where we store these data have to be modifies too. SQL can store data in different tables and databases but later it is very difficult task to retrieve the same as that will include loads of join operation a nd very multifaceted transactions. So in this paper we propose to build an application for hospital management and to handle patient health records . Our application uses a NoSQL database(i.e here we use mongodb) for storing andRead MoreSecurity Weaknesses of Quality Web Design and Recomendations Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE SECURITY WEAKNESSES OF QUALITY WEB DESIGN INTRODUCTION A company that deals with making web site and web business solutions is known as Quality web design is. The company provides its customers to provide an opportunity so that they can spread their business through the internet. The other business solutions accompanied are accounting, payroll marketing, also parts of the business process and for which it assets are employed. Here the solution of the weaknesses thatRead MoreSecurity of the Database System1236 Words   |  5 Pages The term database system is used in encapsulating the constructs of a database Management system (DBMS), data model as well as database. And a database is described as an organized pool of logically-related data. There are issues related to database system such as security, legal, ethical and privacy issues. Database information can be leaked in different ways. One of them being SQL injection which involves sending unexpected data to a web server making it interact with the database. The data

Social Work Psychosocial Assessment Free Essays

APRIL’S PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT Referral April was not a referral client; rather she did her own research after feeling unsupported by her previous therapist. She found this practice on the Pratt Institute listserv as she was looking for a psychologist close to school. According to April, she received a diagnosis of stage three Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma five weeks ago and had not told anyone close to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Psychosocial Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now She wanted to talk to someone â€Å"objective† to figure out what steps to take next. Client Identification Demographics: April is a 23 year-old woman who currently lives on campus at Pratt Institute studying architecture and urban planning. Her parents are married and she has a 21 year-old brother, Daniel, who has a diagnosis of Down syndrome. Her father used to be in the army and now works for the US Department of Veterans Affairs, her mother cares for her brother. Employment/Education: April is in her second year at Pratt and presents to overwhelmed with current workload, yet managing to get by. She seems focused and undeterred by her presenting issue to complete her education. It is unclear if April is employed, she did not mention it. Income and Source: As stated above, it is unclear if April is currently working, receiving financial help from her parents, or receiving government loans and bursaries. Further information on her sources of income may need to be clarified to determine as this could have an impact on the care available to her in the near future. However, her interest in alternative medicine could mean she is not worried about finances. Living Environment: The specifics of April’s living environment are unknown. She has not stated any concerns about her living situation. Sources of Information The information contained in this assessment was acquired in an in person appointment with April that she scheduled. No information was obtained from any other sources. Problem Definition April was diagnosed five weeks ago with stage three Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. April stated she feels â€Å"tired† and has been experiencing â€Å"night sweats† lately. Although, she states that she â€Å"knows† she has cancer, she seems to be in denial about the severity of her illness. April has a hard time talking about her diagnosis (she had to write it down), and seemed to be avoiding what she came to talk about although she expressed wanting to talk with someone objective who was not personally invested in her well-being. April was previously seen by a Pratt therapist, which she stated did not go well though she found her old psychiatrist â€Å"nice enough†, she felt that she was only a good listener with â€Å"nothing to say†. She seemed to be annoyed with the previous therapists attempts to contact her after she decided to stop going, although she did not let her know she would not be returning. April became very defensive when talking about her family, when this worker asked if she felt that her brother took up most of her mother’s time, she quickly shot the idea down. She presents as being exceedingly independent, yet extremely loyal to her family. April communicated that she is falling behind on her schoolwork, she seems particularly concerned with maintaining her current life and does not appear to be taking her diagnosis seriously. April expressed wanting to explore her other options of acupuncture, herbal therapies, and meditation even though her oncologist suggested she begin chemotherapy immediately. April appears to be experiencing an internal conflict and seems to have a hard time trusting others or asking for help. History/Antecedents: April stated that she had a cough that would not let up, as she grew tired of coughing in class she finally went to the health counter at Pratt. She was prescribed antibiotics, which did not help her cough. She had resigned herself to wait to speak to her dad, a retired army official now working for the US Department of Veterans Affairs. When she began experiencing night sweat she returned to the health center, where she was annoyed to be accused of taking diet pills or using cocaine. After being sent to the Brooklyn hospital for a chest x-ray, a big mass was discovered behind her spine. A bone marrow biopsy was done and she was diagnosed with stage three non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It has been five weeks since April’s diagnosis and she has not told her parents or anyone close to her. It is unclear if April is aware of the magnitude of her illness, though she stated she knows she has cancer, she does not appear to be taking the diagnosis seriously rather she is carrying on with her life as if nothing has changed. April expressed that perhaps she does not want treatment and maybe she would rather die than put her life in someone else’s hands. It is unclear if April truly believes that she has cancer. Past Solutions: As indicated previously, April received her diagnosis five weeks ago and presents as being in denial as to the seriousness it entails. She previously was seeing another therapist, however she did not like her and stopped going after only two sessions. It is not clear as to what was discussed in these sessions, as April only said that her previous therapist was not much older that her, had â€Å"nothing to say†, and told her â€Å"the same story twice†. She stated that she stopped going without telling her therapist she would not be returning and was overtly annoyed when the therapist tried to reach her many times after, which she felt was â€Å"over the top†. April stated she has not yet began seeking medical treatment, nor has she confided in her family as to her situation for their support. April seems overly concerned with the reaction her family will have upon receiving the news of her illness. It is likely that she is keeping this information from her family to protect them as well as to maintain her independence. Contributing Factors: April’s diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not brought on by any factors determined in the session. However, April’s tiredness and night sweats are probable symptoms of her illness. It is likely that April’s independence is making it hard for her to tell her family and friends about her illness. She also stated that her brother’s autism took up a lot of her mother’s time and that â€Å"no one talks about her† this could show where her independence developed from. April spoke about her recent break up with her boyfriend who she remains good friends with but has a new girlfriend from a well off family. April stated that she has not told her boyfriend or friends about her diagnosis; April may be believing her denial of her diagnosis and keeping it to herself, makes it less real. Her inability to talk about her diagnosis may be a factor of her need to control her life as an independent young woman and not wanting to ask for support with her illness should be further explored. The Client System Functioning: April became defensive several times during this interview. She stated that she did not want to talk about her cancer diagnosis many times during the session. She expressed that she has been feeling tired and having trouble sleeping, experiencing night sweats and waking up in a soaked bed. Other than the above April appears to be still functioning at a high level nd is able to get to school and besides her recent assignments is doing fine at school. It should be noted that April appears physically to be in good health, she is a well-dressed, attractive young woman. She appears to be well spoken and intelligent, yet she is in denial about her illness. Strengths/Coping Skills: During this interview April was commended for her independence, also her loyalty to wards her family was also a strength brought to her attention. April seems to have a strong support system, although she is not using it at the moment. She has family and friends who care about her. April’s ability to remain in school and continue on with her studies is also a strength to be noted. Her communication skills are well developed, even though she was unable to express herself in this meeting there is potential for it in the future. Relationships and Social Support: It is unclear what the extent of April’s relationship with her family, friends, or community is. As stated earlier, April is a very independent young woman and though she did mention her family in the interview, she has not told them about her illness as she does not want to put any stress on them. Further exploration regarding the depth and quality of her relationship is needed. During the interview, April expressed that she and her ex-boyfriend are still â€Å"good friends† and that they get along great. He however is unaware of her diagnosis. April mentioned she has other friends but no other details were provided. April seemed to take a liking to this worker, and expressed being happy that this worker was older than she had expected. She seemed to have an easy time talking as long as she was guiding the conversation but closed up upon being asked questions she did not feel like answering. Resources/Obstacles: April acknowledged that she does not like to ask for help, she stated that she was able to go see a therapist at school. Though the sessions were quickly terminated they lead to her finding this practice and setting up an appointment. Although, she finds them inefficient, April identified the school’s health center and her oncologist as a present resource available to her. April mentioned her family but it is unclear if she sees them as a resource. She stated her brother suffers from autism and takes a lot of her mother’s time, and father is often busy. April also mentioned she has a good relationship with ex-boyfriend but acknowledged that she does not confide in him or her other friends. This suggests that April is used to fending for herself and her independence is an important resource to her. April’s need to control a situation presents as a obstacle for her, as she seems to close people off when they get too close to asking information she is not ready to share. This may have been the case with her previous therapist who she stopped seeing, claiming she was â€Å"incompetent†. April did not mention any other support systems. It is unclear if she has other individuals she can rely on and appears to have issues with relatedness. Professional Opinion April appears to be in denial about her diagnosis of stage three non-Hodgkin lymphoma and what it entails. April appears to be taking the diagnosis as a big inconvenience rather than recognizing the seriousness if holds. April has not began treatment, although her oncologist has recommended that she begin immediately. She appears to be an intelligent, independent, young woman; it is possible her apprehensions on sharing her diagnosis with family are related to her not wanting to lose her independence. April appears to be more concerned with what her family’s reactions to diagnosis will be and the stress it may cause them, rather than what the diagnosis means for her health. It is this workers opinion that April is used to taking care of herself and is fearful that her parents will not be there to support to her if she puts herself out there. April’s having chosen to look into alternative medical treatment, even with her oncologist’s advice to begin immediate treatment, shows her need to be in control of her life. It is this worker’s opinion that April is fearful of giving up the one thing she has depended on her entire life; her independence and ability to care for her. During the interview, April mentioned other relationships; her ex-boyfriend, his new girlfriend, and friends. While these people maybe able to provide support to her in the future, April is currently not ready to share her diagnosis or ask them for help. Plan An intervention plan was not created as April left without formulating a plan or scheduling a second session. However, it is this worker’s opinion that the following steps need to be taken; April needs to recognize that there is no shame in asking for help or relying on others in her time of need, April should talk to her oncologist about her considering alternative medicine and see how she thinks she should proceed, and April needs to tell her parents about her diagnosis. As she left without scheduling an appointment and this worker is unaware if she will call to schedule one, it is unclear of what will transpire. However, this plan will be further discussed with April if she does make a second appointment. How to cite Social Work Psychosocial Assessment, Essay examples

Historical Design Development free essay sample

Analyse the impact of historical design developments in your selected focus area on contemporary textiles Contemporary textiles strongly reflect the influence of historical design developments. The change in society’s expectations towards modesty and acceptable clothing is clearly evident in all aspects of contemporary apparel choices. Instead of strict regulations, the attitude is more about individuality and anything goes (within reason). Modern beach wear styles show the wide variety of choices available to the consumer, with personal choice being the deciding factor. It is not unusual to see women topless sunbaking in brief bikini bottoms, as well certain beaches where no clothing is considered acceptable. The body shape or silhouette of swimwear has changed over times. After the introduction of the laws for swimsuits in the 1920’s, people had an appropriate rule to know what could be worn to the beach. The society’s expectations became more relaxing that allowed women to wear more exposed swimsuits. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Design Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1946, the first bikini was designed exposing the midriff section of the body. It hugged the body and became more streamlined. That development in silhouette creates an impact on contemporary textiles. It is often to see women we one-piece swimsuits, bikini and wetsuits to the beach nowadays. The change in historical textiles allowed for greater movement, which in turn have influenced our design of today. Also design feature development of swimsuit contributed to today’s swimwear greatly. In the 1930’s Men’s swimsuits left the chest bare and became hip high. Feminine cotton printed swimsuits often with little over skirts to hide the thigh, which then ideally creates the modesty skirt. Australia became a leader in bikini design. Bikini designs were created from fabric, crocheted and experimented with shape. Surfing bathing and swimming become a national recreation of Australia. Another development was seen in the creation of the first synthetic dye in 1856 of William Perkin. Before this period, bright colours were only for the wealthy. This allowed access to brighter colours not only swimwear but also all clothing and textiles for anyone. Contemporary fashion has access to virtually any colour choice for any fabric type as a result of this development such as neon and pastel, a colour trend in 2012. In a similar fashion to swimwear, undergarment has experienced changes strongly to the silhouette. In early 19th century, there was a debate about the wasp waist that was created by the heavy constricted corset. While it was said to make women look very feminine and attractive, it limited women in performing their normal daily routines. However, it has an impact on contemporary textiles through the body shaping garment that is worn under normal clothing to give women their pre baby body in a shortly period of times. It is been modified avoiding extremely body shaping as in the 19th century. Another important impact is the creative and innovative change in surface decoration and embellishment. Celebrities like Lady Gaga have influenced the wearing of heavily embellished corset as outer garments during performances. Corset styled bodices are popular for evening apparel nowadays. It is a result of the development in the 1880’s, luxury undergarments was featured with batiste, embroidery, crochet work, pleating and coloured ribbons. Moreover, the introduction of Lycra, a stretch and recovery fibre, has satisfied the requirement of underwear which fitted to the body like a second skin. Since then, the corsets experienced a renaissance. It no longer constricted women and became more flexible as well as comfortable even though they were a skin-tight fit. This results in the creation of seamless undergarments that allow for no lines under snug garment in today’s life.

The Analysis Of Light And Dark free essay sample

Imagery ( House Of Seven Gables ) Essay, Research Paper The Analysis of Light and Dark Imagery Nathaniel Hawthorne s The House of the Seven Gables, uses many qualities of symbolism which aid develop the novel s chief thoughts. Darkness is the symbolic colour of the Pyncheon s. Contrasted with its opposite, light, it forms one of the major symbols of the novel: the resistance of dark and visible radiation. Hawthorne utilizations dark imagination throughout his novel to show a sense of decay, but he besides uses light imagination to shoot hope. Nathaniel Hawthorne in The House of the Seven Gables describes Phoebe as an lighting pinpoint of light transforming the darkness of the house like the visible radiation of morning ( 92 ) . This description of Phoebe, utilizing light imagination, expresses that she is an guiltless adult female with an interior spirit to assist interrupt the Pyncheon s expletive. Clark Giffith records in Hawthorne s Imagery: The Proper Light and Shadow in the Major Romances that Phoebe is instead excessively evidently a small beam of sunlight # 8230 ; ( 37 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Analysis Of Light And Dark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Phoebe enters the house from the cheery daytime, and is about blinded by the denseness of shadows skulking in the transitions of the old house, the contrast between Phoebe s lighted presence against the dark glooming house can be seen. The old Pyncheon-elm, which stands over the house, is a symbol of Resurrection from the darkness and decay. In Chapter 19, Alice s Posies, the Pyncheon elm is all of a sudden filled with the forenoon Sun in fact, one subdivision of the elm has been transmutated to bright gold. The elm is peculiarly particular at the terminal of the novel because it was left unhurt after the storm, the remainder of the tree is in perfect greenery, a symbol of life non of decease. The tree has come to typify nature and nature s Resurrection, and in a sense this Resurrection of nature provides a strong image of hope. Masterpieces of American Literature suggests As the house and its dwellers have decayed, the elm tree has grown about as though it were nourished by the decay of the Pyncheon household # 8230 ; The elm has grown with each season, but the dwellers of the house have become stunted. ( Magill 221-222 ) . The Pyncheon s elm is full of life and visible radiation because it has eventually succeed ed in dominating the Pyncheon s dark and desolate family. In Chapter one, The Old Pyncheon Family, Hawthorne describes the house utilizing assorted dark elements. He expresses to his readers that the house is in ruins and is destined to prostration, which is representative of the Pyncheon household. Richard Fogle provinces in Hawthorne s Fiction: The Light and the Dark: There is a certain suggestion in the novel, though, that the humanity and self-respect of the house are inseparable from its problems ; this suggestion is found in the contrasting ima Ges of visible radiation and dark. Although storm and sunlight have constituted the history of the house, the darkness of the baleful storm is prevalent, as the venerable sign of the zodiac # 8230 ; grew black in the east-wind. This darkness is early foreshadowed. Hawthorne describes how the panic and ugliness of Maule s offense darkened the newly painted walls of the house until it became a grey, feudal palace. ( 220-221 ) Hawthorne s usage of darkness in the novel normally represents the decaying of either theHawthorne s usage of darkness in the novel normally represents the decaying of either the house or the household. In American Writers, Leonard Unger states Clifford s dressing gown is now a dark and faded garment, and it is therefore a adjustment emblem for its wearer and a symbol for the full Pyncheon household ( 242 ) . Leonard Unger besides goes on to province that there are many other objects located in the Pyncheon s house that symbolizes the disintegrating life style of the Pyncheons household: The darkness of the old Pyncheon house is impressive and important. Within its deepnesss are shady emblems of the past, each stand foring immorality masterminds of the Pyncheon household. The hereditary chair is a reminder non merely of the old Colonel but besides the susceptibleness to Maule s expletive ( what appears to be apoplexy ) ; the portrayal and the map are indistinctly seeable items of the Colonel s inflexible sternness and greed. The cembalo is likened to a casket ( remembering Alice s fatal pride ) . None of the objects can be distinguished really clearly in the darkness, but the novel shows that they hold an ineluctable world. ( 244-245 ) In Chapter 17, The Guest, Clifford describes the Pyncheon s dark and deathly house of the seven gables as # 8230 ; a rusty, loony, creaky, dry-rotted, damp-rotted, begrimed, dark, and suffering keep. He besides goes on to state it is a great, glooming, dark-chambered sign of the zodiac. . . a dark, low, cross-beamed, wainscoted room of an old house. Both these descriptions of the house give off the dark disintegrating puting which helps to develop the contrasting thoughts of both light and dark imagination within the novel. Unger expresses that the dark Pyncheon s house holds many points that symbolize the Pyncheons decaying life style. The contrasting visible radiation and dark images used in Nathaniel Hawthorne s fresh aid each other to equilibrate out good and evil. Darkness creates the image of the disintegrating Pyncheon household while visible radiation, antagonizing the effects of darkness, creates hope and a mark of salvation. In the terminal, light overcomes the dark disintegrating universe of the Pyncheons wickednesss, and the goodness still left within the household remain life.

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Neuroscience Assignment Points to consider: The cochlear organ is a distinct entity, which like other sensory receptors, functions to transduce information from the environment into an electrical impulse in the sensory nerve with which it is associated. Subsequently the sensory nerve conveys this information to the central nervous system so that one can become aware of the sensation and respond accordingly. The cochlear implant is used to restore the transduction capabilities of the cochlea when the hair cells which perform this function are irreversibly lost, and relies on the survival of the auditory neurons which make up the sensory nerve, as well as successful orientation of the electrodes implanted with those neurons. Lack of activity in a damaged cochlea leads to degeneration of its nerve supply, the degree of which impacts on the success of the replacement receptor.*hearing (p.590-) W4L4 The spinal cord, as a component of the central nervous system, consists of millions of neu rons, which at any given level may be travelling longitudinally to or from the brain or other spinal cord segments, more or less horizontally to convey information to other neurons in the same transverse plane, entering the spinal cord with sensory information, or leaving the cord to perform motor functions.Individual nerve cells receive multiple inputs and integrate information from various sources before carrying the electrical signal to the next neuron in the circuit, which will similarly have many inputs. The complexity of these connections would unlikely be replicable by an electronic device.Organisation *outline of sensory, motor organization (Ch. 18) *spatial organization (p.667) W2L2,3 Intrinsic Properties *pattern generators and necessary inputs from higher centres (p.742-) W2L4 Motor and Sensory Networks *motor control: motor neurons, local interneurons, brain stem and cortical descending pathways, propriospinal neurons (p.667-) W2L3 *spinal reflexes involve coordinated co ntraction of numerous muscles in the limbs (p.716-, 663) W2L3 *interdependence of systems, e.g...

Sometimes in Winter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sometimes in Winter - Essay Example The succeeding paragraph will also contain my own thoughts and emotion about this work. After having gone though the literary pieces of Linda Pastan, I realized that most of her poems were all about life, love and human emotions. Such that the central them she chose to employ in this poem, Sometimes in winter, talks about her thoughts about life, whether her own life or those of others whom she knew she was a part of as well as those which became part of her. This poem to me, is an allegory about how people become instrumental in the lives of others, and how they step in and walk into that lives leaving footprints that I might as well equate with memory and etched meaning. Linda Pastan's view about life depicts the reality of how people relate with one another, thus the saying no man is an island. We need others in order to make us feel good with in. As human beings, we need other people to interact with, to relate and converse with, even to the extent of realizing what was going on with our own lives by looking at the experiences of others. She used the symbolism of v isualizing the faces of those she loves, those faces that may perhaps touched her lives at one point in time. These can be depicted on the memories of those people we hold dear that are etched inside our minds, and going over that vision again reminds us the things that did both good and bad. Thus, every person's impact in our lives is conceived through the bonds and relationship we established with them. These relationships will become an archive of well kept experiences; those instances that made us laugh, cry, angry or annoyed. These are feelings that remind us about our human qualities embedded within extracted and surfaced because of others. This to me is what she was trying to say in the first line of her poem. Taking into consideration the setting she used, winter, depicts of cold and dark times, times where people are forced into seclusion. With which I take the positive and discuss my own reflections about this particular setting. My views about her poems set in the winter is those times when we feel alone, most certainly down and defeated by circumstances that sometimes are too much for a human emotion to bear, such is a time when we would want to feel lifted and free of all desperation. If we were to incorporate the first line of the poem into the setting, I can say that Pastan had wonderful people around her during her most desperate time. These people were there to support her and keep her warm amidst the coldness and darkness of the nature of her situation. Winter here, depicts of a certain phase of here life where she struggles to cope with realities and accepts the burden, and such was made possible through the assistance of a support group, weather family, friends and love ones. On the other hand, this can also depict a setting with which a negative stand is depicted. It may be that winter in her poem is the experiences caused by other people's wrath and coldness that forces her to shut out and withdraw from. It may be the effect of this experiences that she describes as bleak and dark. The relationship we make with other people does not always turn out the way we want them to be. There are those that

Health and social care Understanding Abuse Essay

Health and social care Understanding Abuse - Essay Example ng child abuse, difficulty in detecting child abuse since a time there are no scars or marks left on children’s bodies among others (Hoyano & Keenan, 2010). This work is about stipulated policies and legislations with regard to child abuse. It also focuses on the relevant professionals responsible for reducing child abuse in the society as well as the hurdles or challenges involved. There are different types of child abuse in the modern society. However, all child abuse is associated with emotional problems in their lives. It is a child’s right to appreciate and enjoy protection from parents or guardians. Emotional child abuse is associated with poor mental and social child development. This results from frequent shaming and child humiliations, belittling, negative comparisons, common yelling to children, ignoring a child as a kind of punishment or rather silent treatment, lack of affection to children and threatening or bullying a child. Neglecting children is another kind of child abuse. Parents in the modern world are entirely engaged in their careers to an extent that they do not have adequate time for their children as required by the law. Some parents do not cater for their children’s needs like clothing, food, shelter, food, education, security and others. This is the most kind of abuse in the current generation since the majority of parents are physically or emotionally impaired to offer such needs to their children (Starr, 2003). Furthermore, it is difficult to detect since parents have different financial abilities to cater for their childs needs. Older children rarely show the external signs or indications of neglect. Some are forced to play the parenting role to feed and shelter them. Physical child abuse includes body harms and injuries to the child. Extreme or severe caning and beating to children may result to bruises and wounds on a child’s body. Punishments should be in accordance with a child’s age and health condition. Child sexual

Applying E-Business Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applying E-Business Strategies - Essay Example In spite of having the right to comment about the cafà ©s activities, the customer’s viewpoints reveal ignorance of children’s right towards recreational activities such as storytelling sessions. An open web forum is prone to abusive comments, non-relevant posts, and inciting others regarding an issue concerning either the cafà © or other firms. Consequently, encouraging an open line communication and maintaining an open web forum necessities to the cafà © to ask the customers to agree with the terms of web forum prior to posting their comments. Deleting offensive comments and integrating a word filter into the web forum will further encourage an open line of communication and still maintain an open web forum. The best type of business that fits Broadway cafà © is the advertising e-business that will be executed through a number of strategies including the use social blogs (Canzer 97). A website is one of the way that the cafà © will receive feedback on their services, which facilitate the improvement of services towards customer satisfaction through an effective customer service. Once customers are satisfied, the cafà © will increase sales as they keep on coming back for more increasing the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s revenue. The social platforms form one of the major marketing strategies that the cafà © can use to showcase its products and services and conduct promotions. Posting and sharing of pictures will help in the improving the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brand providing a direct access forum for the customers to review the services prior to their visit, which further attract more customers; hence, increasing Broadway cafà © revenue. Broadway cafà © can further introduce a cashless payment to deal with the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s finance where the customer is able to pay using an online payment method, which most people find appropriate compared to walking around with cash. Additionally, the cafà © can

The effects of corruption on the Nigerian economy

The effects of corruption on the Nigerian economy To evaluate the effects of corruption on the Nigerian economy, we utilise the estimated size of the hidden economy (a proxy for corruption) in effect to Nigerian economy growth, (Salisu, 2006). A MIMIC is a structural econometric model for estimating an equation in which the dependent variable is unobservable (latent). (Frey Weck-Hannemann, 1984) pioneered the use of MIMIC modelling in the context of the hidden economy. Since then, a number of other studies have employed this technique, (Aigner et al. 1986; Schneider 1997; Giles 1997, 1999; Tedds, 1998). It is a powerful technique for estimating the underground economy, as it allows for simultaneous interaction between multiple explanatory variables and multiple indicators of the hidden economy. The latent variable is linked, on the one hand, to a number of observable indicators (reflecting changes in the size of the unreported economy); and on the other hand to a set of observed causal variables, which are considered to be importan t determinants of the unreported economic activity. 4.4 Discussion of Empirical Results for Model Based on the reasoning we try to model the existence and the effect of corruption on Nigerian economy (FDI) based on the model by Johnson and Dahlstrom which depicts the picture of what we applying. The model is based on assumption that the bureaucrat has monopoly in providing government services that the MNE needs in order to operate in the host county,( Dahlstrom and Johnson, 2004): 4.4.1Equation 1 Corruption if: à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ c ( i) No corruption if: à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ Where à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ is an agents expected payoff from corruption and c is the expected cost. For corruption to take place à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ c for all involved agents. 4.4.2 Equation 2 Equation two below presents payoff functions for the two types of agents. Payoff for MNE à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡mne = ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬   ( ii) Payoff for bureaucrat à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡off = ÃŽÂ · Where ÃŽÂ ² is the probability that the bureaucrat indeed delivers the government service, à Ã¢â‚¬   signifies the value of that government service for the MNE and ÃŽÂ · signifies the size of the bribe. The payoff of corruption is simply the monetary value an agent can earn by realising the action. For an MNE the payoff of engaging in corruption could for example be the future cash flow connected to a building contract granted by the bureaucrat. For a bureaucrat the payoff of corruption is simply the size of the bribe (Dahlstrom and Johnson,2004). The probability variable ÃŽÂ ² has been discussed by (Shleifer and Vishny ,1993) among others and can be used to distinguish bribes from taxes. As discussed earlier, (Shleifer and Vishny, 1993) distinguish between centralised corruption where a single agent (bureaucrat) collects the bribe. Decentralised corruption implies that several individual bureaucrats can demand bribes. Therefore, even when having paid a bribe there is still a possibility that the MNE does not get access to the government service that it wants. This would force the MNE to pay yet another bribe to get the demanded service. Under a decentralised system of corruption it is more likely that additional bureaucrats would put up demands for bribes. This is one example of how corruption introduces an element of uncertainty for the MNE. For an economy where centralised corruption dominates we would expect ÃŽÂ ² to be close to one while decentralised corruption would imply a smaller value of ÃŽÂ ² (Dahlstrom and Johnson,2004). They went further citing that the cost of corruption for the bribed is normally the punishment that can be imposed on him if he is found guilty, while for the briber it is the expected cost of punishment as well as the size of the bribe that composes the cost. The culture in the host-country can be assumed to influence the willingness of the agents to engage in corrupt practices. In economies where corruption is frowned upon there should, ceteris paribus, exist less corruption than in an economy that accepts corruption. The general cost function shown in equation 3 below tries to take all of the above into account. 4.4.3 Equation 3 The general cost function cj= ((ÃŽÂ ´+ÃŽÂ ±)) p)+ ÃŽÂ · (iii) Where c j is the cost of the j:th bribe with j going from 1 to n, p signifies the perceived risk of being caught, the expected punishment is denoted ÃŽÂ ´, while ÃŽÂ ± represents the social cost of being revealed as engaging in corrupt behaviour and ÃŽÂ · is the monetary value of the bribe. For the bribed ÃŽÂ ·=0 while ÃŽÂ ·>0 for the briber. The social cost of corruption ÃŽÂ ± goes from to infinity where a low value signifies that corrupt behaviour is widely accepted and a high value signify a culture with a strong aversion against corruption. Similar cost components of corruption for the individuals can be found in (Sen,2002,). The risk of being caught is dependent on the effectiveness of the police as well as the legal system. (La Porta et al, 1999) argues that countries having common law are better protected against corruption since the legal system has stronger property rights. But the enforcement of the laws is of equal importance. Triesman, finds that is perhaps not only the use of common law that decreases the amount of corruption but also whether or not a country has been under British rule, thus having had a strong influence on the legal culture not only the legal system. By taking the first derivative of equation 3 with respect to ÃŽÂ ´ we get the sensitivity of punishment. As can be seen the punishment depicted in law is highly dependent on surveillance and enforcement to have a deterrent effect on corruption in a country. Many developing countries have all the laws and regulations demanded from the international society regarding corruption but suffer from a severe lack of enforcement of the l aws. Thus those laws have little effect besides working as cosmetics for an ugly economy in need of aid and trade relations with developed countries (Triesman,1999). 4.5 Social cost of corruption The social cost of corruption may be lower in countries with more hierarchal religions as Islam and Catholicism since it is less accepted to challenge those above you in the hierarchy than in religions such as Protestantism (Triesman, 1999). Furthermore, countries with hierarchical religions tend to have stronger family ties, than countries that practice Protestantism (Triesman, 1999) It can also be the case that in cultures where the distinction between the officials private and official power is less distinct bribery may have lower social costs. All these things tend to affect the social stigma attached to corruption thus increasing or decreasing the cost. According to (Dahlstrom and Johnson,2004) in order to develop the model we have to combine the cost and payoff functions described above in order to determine whether corruption takes place. We have rewritten equation 1 by incorporating equation 2 and 3 resulting in one set of equations for the MNE, Equation 4, and one set for the bureaucrat, Equation 5, below. 4.5.1Equation 4 MNE No corruption if: ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬   ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) -ÃŽÂ · Corruption if: ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬   ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) -ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥0 (ii) Expected profit: à Ã¢â€š ¬MNE= ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬   ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) -ÃŽÂ · (iii) 4.5.2Equation 5 Bureaucrat No corruption if: ÃŽÂ ·- ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) Corruption if: ÃŽÂ · ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥0 Expected profit: à Ã¢â€š ¬off = ÃŽÂ ·- ((ÃŽÂ ´+ ÃŽÂ ±) p) (iii) They went further, using 4.i and 5.i to solve for the expected profit of corruption for the MNE yields ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬  =2 ÃŽÂ ·. This is only valid if we assume that all of the cost variables ÃŽÂ ´,ÃŽÂ ±, p are identical for both the MNE and the bureaucrat. This is a strong assumption since both the fines as well as the social cost probably are higher for the MNE than for the bureaucrat. If we assume that the value of the bribe, ÃŽÂ ·, is the reservation price for the bureaucrat due to the fact that the MNE has more bargaining power. 4.5.3Equation 6 Equation 6 below show the total monetary value of the bribes paid in an economy. This could be seen as the actual cost for the economy when we disregard the uncertainty of corruption. This uncertainty comes in two shapes, the one of getting caught and the one of fulfilling ones obligation. If the service would have been delivered as a tax service equation 6 would equal the tax cost the MNE would have paid. n Total monetary value of corruption (6) V= ÃŽÂ £v j 1 Where is the monetary value of the j:th bribe with j going from 1 to n, with n being the number of transactions where it may be possible to offer a bribe, vj = ÃŽÂ ·j if both 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ ² j -((ÃŽÂ ´ j + ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j) ÃŽÂ · j -(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j for all other cases vj=0 . In a developing economy n can be assumed to be higher under decentralised corruption than under centralised corruption since there are probably a greater number of different bureaucrats that demand bribes in the former case than in the latter. 4.5.4 Equation 7 Equation 7 below gives an account for the total cost of corruption that MNEs experience in a country. Here we include the cost of uncertainty unlike equation 6. n Total corruption cost for the MNE (7) CMNE = ÃŽÂ £ c j 1 Where cj is the expected cost of the j:th bribe with cj=(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j )+ ÃŽÂ ·j if both 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ² j à Ã¢â‚¬  j ((ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j ) ÃŽÂ ·j and 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ ·j(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j . If 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ² j à Ã¢â‚¬  j ((ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j ) ÃŽÂ ·j but 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ ·j(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j then cj=(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j ) but for all other cases cj=0 Cost of corruption for the MNE IF à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡off à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ c off then official chooses corruption IF à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ off then official chooses no corruption IF à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ CMNE then MNE chooses corruption cj=(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j )+ ÃŽÂ ·j cj=(ÃŽÂ ´ j+ ÃŽÂ ± j)* p j IF à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ MNE then MNE chooses no corruption 0 0 (Source: Dahlstrom and Johnson,2004) It is evident from the above equations 6 and 7 that, i.e. the actual cost of corruption for the MNE is greater than just the size of the bribe thus it would have been less costly for the MNE to invest in a country where the services would have been supplied as a tax service. Further corruption as opposed to a tax does not benefit the government but the individual bureaucrat. The tax income could, if used efficiently by the government, promote growth of direct investment through increasing the stock of human capital or improving market economy institutions. This tax income could also be used to combat corruption through the legal system or by raising the salaries of the government officials. But for taxes to be less damaging than corruption this does not have to be the case. The only necessary condition is that there is less uncertainty involved. Furthermore, companies seldom have the choice whether to pay tax or not so the corruption cost will be something that has to be paid in addition to taxes, ( Dahlstrom and Johnson,2004). 4. 6 Effect of the host country corruption from the analysis The resulting effect of host-country corruption is that the actual cost of conducting business activities in the country is higher than what could be expected based on observable costs such as wages or transport costs. Based on this reasoning, corruption gives rise to extra costs that the MNE has to operate in the host-economy. If MNE presence does reduce corruption while corruption has a negative effect on FDI there might exist virtuous or vicious circles. If there is little FDI in a country the corruption stays high which discourages the MNE to invest, thus decreasing the FDI. Here we have a vicious circle but the opposite is also possible. If an MNE invests in a country the corruption decreases this further improves the incentives for future investments. If one also assumes that both FDI and low corruption encourages growth the country who finds itself in a virtuous circle will have a much higher probability of development than one that finds itself in a vicious circle. We now proceed to try to develop an expression that describes the effect of host country bureaucratic corruption on FDI inflows. We start by introducing a profit function for the MNE: à Ã¢â€š ¬(à Ã‚ ,w,ņ¹)= max { à Ã‚ y c(w,y, CMNE ) where p indicates the world market price of the output y of the MNE, w is the cost of production factors and CMNE represents the MNE cost of corruption as earlier Use of the expression py implies that demand for the good in the host country is too small to have an effect on the price that the MNE receives for its output. This assumption is most suitable for an export-platform type of FDI as described in (Ekholm et al, 2003) where the MNE production in the host-country is exported to third country markets. This type of FDI is most likely to appear in developing economies where small domestic markets exclude market-seeking motivated FDI but with low labour costs. This implies that the profit function is most suitable for MNEs that operate in developing economies. It might be argued that the MNE only starts production in the host country if the expected profit from doing so is larger than some minimum level of profits: E(à Ã¢â€š ¬)=[ E(p)E(y) -c(E(w),E (y),E(CMNE ))] à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ E(à Ã¢â€š ¬) where à Ã¢â€š ¬ is the minimum profit necessary for entry. Therefore, a rise in CMNE, the costs caused by corruption, should decrease the amount of FDI inflows that a host-country receives. It is also possible that MNEs that are already established in the host country decide to close down facilities if the costs of corruption become too high. (Cuervo-Cazurra , 2006) Although corruption has a negative impact on FDI because of the additional uncertainty and costs, such costs vary depending on the country of origin of the FDI. With respect to this topic, more FDI is gotten from OECD countries which are the rationale behind a corrupt country like Nigeria decreasing the quantity of its inward FDI because of the costs which the foreign MNC will have to incur to establish business in Nigeria. So therefore results show that the relationship between corruption and FDI is modified by the country of origin of the FDI.

NSync Essay -- essays research papers

The pop-R&B group, *NSYNC is taking the world by storm. Males and females alike appreciate *NSYNC’s great talent. With their individuality, music and dancing, and good looks, they seem to captivate and impress not only the teenage generation but older generations as well. The group was named *NSYNC after group member, Justin Timberlake’s mother, Lynn, realized that the last letter of each of the members’ names made up the word *NSYNC. It is easy to distinguish one member of *NSYNC from another. Group member Justin Timberlake is nineteen years old and is from Memphis, Tennessee. People recognize him by his good looks, and curly (and sometimes frizzy) blond-brown hair. Chris Kirkpatrick is the oldest member (also the shortest and has the highest voice) at age twenty-eight. He comes from Clarion, Pennsylvania. Joseph Anthony Fatone (Joey) is twenty-three and from Brooklyn, New York. He is easily recognized by his striking red hair and Brooklyn accent. James Lance (Lansten) Bass is twenty and from Mississippi. He has the lowest voice. Last but not least is Joshua Scott Chasez (JC) from Washington D.C, age twenty-three. JC has been dubbed, "Mr. Serious† by his group-mates. Formed in 1995, *NSYNC prides themselves on their â€Å"five-part-harmony† style singing, a cappella singing, performing, and precision dancing. A â€Å"five-part harmony† is a vocal arrangement made up of five parts. In *NSYNC’s case, soprano (Chr...

Aligning Action and Values Article Critique Essay

In the article ‘Aligning Action and Values’ article by Jim Collins, a very pertinent point is made that is applicable in today’s business environment. Organizations spend very little time aligning daily work with the overall vision and core values set by the organization. Collins’ article was written 10 years ago, but the content currently still has merit. Organizations are constantly changing and adapting to industry and environmental trends. With the explosion of the Internet and rapid global expansion, company’s need to have efficient change management programs and vision to keep the organization on track. Too often, companies are sidelined by managers that are self-promoting and not working for the overall vision of the company. Yet, this is not necessarily a middle manager problem, but a problem of the company not identifying and pursuing the grand vision the company was founded to achieve. Mr. Collins points out the often company’s are either to busy trying to repeatedly craft the perfect vision statement or the organization has not spent any time aligning the organization with the values that have been determined. Truly visionary organizations are able to use core values become efficient in management and operations to keep the company moving forward. Organizations that do not align goals with values spend more time evaluating past problems and too little time focusing on the future. Jim Collins is correct in that one must first identify the internal dialogue to identify organizational misalignments. There is typically mistrust between senior leaders and employees in terms of who is doing the right things. Senior leaders need to listen to lower level managers and employees and take into consideration the perspective of those that directly link to the customer. Senior leaders also need to determine what is said in the organization’s undercurrent internal dialogue. What often drives employees to perform is what is felt unconsciously, not what is stated in official forums. Company’s that have alignment of goals with vision are able to determine the internal dialogue and keep the dialogue positive. Identifying the difference between core values and strategies is essential for organizational alignment. Mr. Collins points out that core values should be timeless and never change. What should change are operational practices and strategies. Many companies too often are constantly identifying new core values, and this makes focus difficult. By identifying permanent core value, employees are able to always rely on what the greater purpose of the company should represent in all daily operations. Without this concrete focus, employees become disgruntled and unable to focus on any one thing, increasing inefficiencies. Mr. Collins also posits that organizations cannot â€Å". . . nstall new core values into people. . . † but that people are predisposed to holding them. Therefore, the key is to find people that are already predisposed to holding the company’s particular values. This concept is especially hard for organizations that are attempting to align actions to values. People are inherently resistant to change and any change in an organization’s core values will be difficult for all employees to embrace. Therefore, it is crucial that organizations identify core values at inception so that all employees will identify with the goals and vision when hired. Otherwise it is exceptionally difficult to implement change management strategies to get employees to ‘buy in’ to new values. In all, Jim Collins is accurate on his assessment of aligning action and values in organizations. Although this article was written 10 years ago, companies still struggle with these concepts today. Mr. Collins is correct that organizations need to have permanent core values, identify internal dialogues and act on inconsistencies, and hire people that are predisposed to a particular organizations core values, instead of attempting to gain ‘buy in’ from current employees.

Describe the effects of the Blitz in Everyday life in Britain

By 1940, Britain had seen the face of war through the Blitz. Devouring everything, Hitler's Luftwaffe were relentless as they launched raids after merciless raids. Loved ones died, friends suffered, rationing ravaged the lands and there was the constant fear of death at every turn at every corner. No one was safe, not even The Royal family when they moved to Coventry. The reminder of war and a reality that they could not escape haunted the people as some died of severe fatigue. Morale was low, with death possible by a number of means and the quality of life alien to what people were used to, the Blitz was the most effective weapon against the Britons. The era of 1940-41 saw the focus of attacks on London as well as some other cities. Parts of these places were described as being razed. With thousands of homeless strangers wandering for shelter, and with virtually no finance, these houses stayed as rubble. Even people with homes could not stop to wander what they would do when they were without. Homelessness was just one of the problems, death being the other major factor. There could be many possible means of dying. Shrapnel wounds, extreme exhaustion, being buried alive under the rubble the list is endless. Even in their subterranean cellars, people could die of flooding. Throughout the war there wasn't even a bomb shelter designed to take full impact from a bomb. The few places which provided full shelter from the bombing, the underground railways for example, proved too costly for the Brits. The Blitz's ruthless aggression took all and any victims, women and children took large percentages of the death toll. Schools, entertainment facilities and even churches were targeted. The population's moral was low, women feared for their husbands and sons abroad and dreaded for their children on the home front. Children were targeted by the bombing of schools and education, in theory this would prove an excellent tactic for the Germans as the children were the future of Britain, thus with a lack of education the British army would weaken. Furthermore, with entertainment facilities being bombed, morale would dip to its lowest for it was one of the only things which could relieve the Britons minds. Not even churches were safe, the people had no one to turn to. With scarcity of faith and society in an anarchy they did want to be in, one wonders how the people coped with the devastation the Blitz brought. The first attack on Britain by Hitler's Luftwaffe brought the start of a fifty seven day consecutive bombing. Around three hundred German bombers set out to destroy London. The Royal Air Force had a demanding task set against them as they were heavily outnumbered and could not replace the amount of planes falling from the skies. Women on the home front were expected to work overtime without extra pay. The arduous labour they had undergone brought them severe fatigue and when they finished work and went home, if it was still standing, the air raid sirens and blackout would not help them to get any rest. The life of a commoner during the Blitz was no easy one. With friends and family dying abroad as well as on the home front life would have been torment. Huge amounts of stress and pressure would be exerted on those working in factories, urged to work overtime and for little pay. Death could be met at any and every corner, a bomb blast could lead to a number of painful deaths. Rationing was enforced due to the bombing of major ports such as in Portsmouth. As well as the fact that entertainment was also targeted, life was made worse for the Brits as they had nowhere to turn to in order to relieve their pain and sorrow. Life during the Blitz was strenuous due to all these factors, yet probably the worst devastation the Blitz had brought was how the inhabitants could not talk about their problems as it may have revealed positions to spies. One must applaud those who survived the Blitz and all they went through for it is hard to live when there is nothing to live for.

Telecommunication Project Bluetooth

Telecommunication Project Bluetooth Abstract The research opens with a historical overview of the word ‘Bluetooth’. The study brings out the connection between the name and the Bluetooth functions to create a universal unification of connectivity protocols.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Telecommunication Project: Bluetooth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research has highlighted the use of Bluetooth in replacing cables and assisting in energy management and control. The study has focused on using the qualitative method of data analysis. In this case, different sources have been analyzed, and conclusions reached basing on the data reviewed. The literature reviewed has demonstrated various challenges facing the Bluetooth in the telecommunication industry. The hurdles of scatter net and security threats are alarming, and they ought to be addressed to enhance the safety of Bluetooth. Introduction The term Bluetooth has a Scandinavian o rigin. It is based on the Danish story of King Herald I uniting the tribes to form a kingdom. The link between the Herald’s story and the creation of Bluetooth is that it would achieve the same goal of uniting all the communication protocols. The main aim of Bluetooth in technology is connecting communication protocols to a universally approved standard. The use of Bluetooth in connecting has been widely used today, and tremendous acknowledge of its benefits have been witnessed. The focus on networking and connectivity has made blue tooth more relevant than it was before. The initial ideology behind the development of Bluetooth was geared towards replacing cables in information transmission (Dodd, 2001). Bluetooth is defined as a wireless technological device with the capacity of transmitting data over short distances. It was created by Ericsson in 1994. The creation of the reliable Personal Area Network was greatly fostered by the use of Bluetooth.Advertising Looking for report on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the initial purpose was to replace data cables, Bluetooth mainly helped in curbing the problems of synchronization since it is capable of connecting many devices. This device must achieve the universal standards set by Bluetooth Special Interest Group that oversees the marketing of Bluetooth. This ensures conformity with the patents and copyright specifications. In the same manner with other intellectual property regulations, Bluetooth ensures that 16,000 member companies are protected against any form of trademark or patents infringement (Anttalainen, 2003). Research Method This research is mainly qualitative in nature. Therefore, it follows that qualitative methods of data handling will be used. Secondary data such as relevant books were used in discussing the topic at hand. The desired conclusions will be reached based on the information accessed. Litera ture Review Under the Special Internet Guide umbrella, the Bluetooth is given a specification that is only attained through cooperation with other companies. The specification is for dealing with security issues since Bluetooth is prone to hackers. The specification defines the entire Bluetooth operation from the creation stage to the last step. The specification is extremely lengthy due to the wide topics that it covers. However, without this, the master Bluetooth is rendered useless. In other words, it is the entire framework that describes the working of a Bluetooth (Horak, 2007). The only way to enhance computer capability through mobile phones has been by use of Bluetooth. It has made transmission and connectivity easy and enjoyable. The advantages of adopting a wireless technology have been witnessed in that Bluetooth serve small gadgets such as mobile phones.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Telecommunication Project: Bluetooth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The effective use of radio circuit and frequencies in transmission is reliable and provides connectivity to up to a radius of 10 meters. Nonetheless, Bluetooth can have a wide coverage of up to 100 meters. This makes Bluetooth more trusted and promising. It can easily form an adhoc network that greatly assists in creating a short range of wireless network. The networks enhance the connectivity between small devices and other external personal devices such as printers and internet access points (Dodd, 2001). There are several methods in which the Bluetooth device has been put to use. In the first place, it allows the mobile phone to be used as any other normal cellular phone. The facilitation is by Bluetooth Wireless, and it facilitates the achievement of direct communication with some other gadget. Secondly, Bluetooth has widely been used in situations where the user of a phone intends to continue a conversation when opening the d oor of the car or doing something else. The use of Bluetooth has ensured that the person using the phone can multitask by simply using the speakers installed at the dashboards of the mobile phone (Horak, 2007). Thirdly, the age of digital camera has been backed up by the creation of Bluetooth. The instant post card in a digital camera is made possible through a data access point via a mobile phone in most cases. Such communications would be rendered impossible if Bluetooth connection was not available. The installation of phones with programmed software that can assist in ordering products have been a great achievement. The process has been widely tried by salespeople, and it has assisted in cutting expenditure and improving profits.Advertising Looking for report on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It allows a sales employee to connect to a portable bar reader. When the sale of the product ordered is completed, the salesman needs to scan the barcode and the item sold appears on the screen of the phone. The process would have been long if the salesperson was to make manual transactions. The quality of instant customer feedback is enhanced through the use of Bluetooth. The connectivity of Bluetooth in sales operation serves to assist the customer and the sales person. The sales person is saved the trouble of making orders after every sale since everything is monitored through the phone. Trust is created since customers get instant feedback on the products they intend to buy (Dodd, 2001). Bluetooth has been widely used instead of cables. The replacement was necessary since cables have high power consumption. Bluetooth use less power since the device encourages transmission of data within a relative shorter distance. Furthermore, the use of radio communications system follows a wi reless path which does not require much power. The installation of Bluetooth in a company may require different companies to adopt a wide range of configurations (Horak, 2007). Bluetooth has achieved tremendous strides in the telecommunications industry since it has encouraged change from software to hardware. It has set the pace for unprecedented productivity in connecting all the mobile devices. Bluetooth applications work best if they are appropriately placed. The client application is supposed to be positioned to ensure that undue load is reduced, and users are not often annoyed. The effect of not placing Bluetooth application in the right position may render it ineffective. The recommended distance from one mobile device is supposed to be 20 meters. This obstacle has not been easy to overcome, and the coverage problem has still formed a major obstacle to the use of Bluetooth (Anttalainen, 2003). Wider coverage of network connectivity is largely the main attraction towards the u se of Bluetooth in wireless linking. However, there are numerous challenges associated with Bluetooth. The purpose of Bluetooth can only be realized if those challenges are addressed. In the first place, there is a need to get solutions to configure scatter net. The term has its origin in the Bluetooth adhoc networks. The scatter networks have been a major hurdle hence hindering the usability of Bluetooth. The scatter net formation has lacked a major standardized protocol to address it. The new focus on telecommunication has seen steps taken to deal with the problem. The continued efforts towards solving the problem of scatter net have included many key players. Telecommunications industry has largely benefited by using Bluetooth in enhancing sharing of information. The issue of how best to disconnect the piconets so as to connect existing scatter net should be considered (Dodd, 2001). The connection of Bluetooth requires the hopping to be in the same sequence. The master and slave devices should be aligned in the sense that they detect each other from the same sequence. The hopping sequence takes about 32 in an arrangement of 79 frequencies. Bluetooth has various terminals that make it function. The 3G terminals are proving to be significantly supportive to the Bluetooth connection. It is certainly clear that the low power advantage of Bluetooth has made it easy for use. The Bluetooth ability to use the bridges to negotiate with the neighboring piconets is very effective. The Blue tooth manufacturers incorporated the bridge nodes so as to slow transmission. Since the master node is the busiest, it inherently controls all the transmissions that come through it. This leaves a minimal space for other tasks (Horak, 2007). Bluetooth creation has greatly influenced the management of global energy crisis. The fact that the device can use solar energy that is sustainable makes it efficient in energy management. Bluetooth relies on the PDA user components that support its functioning by activating the 16 bit code. The easy way of linking it with the micro controller makes it access the information sent though by placing it at strategic places. The functional principle of Bluetooth system is based on the Palm. The Palm guides, creates, and links the specification guide. The numerous hands free devices make the functions of Bluetooth effective by making links to the guide at a point when it has reached a full range (Anttalainen, 2003). Bluetooth is attractive and cost friendly compared to the use of cables. Essentially, cables are expensive due to the cost incurred in their installation and the energy consumed while transmitting information. The process of connecting, plugging, and installing has been rendered invalid by the use of Bluetooth where devices communicate by picking signals. This is enabled through the use of ubiquitous standardized communications system that makes the link between the devices reliable. The system does not require the user to switch on his/her phone. The link is established by getting an automatic Web browser appearance on the screen that makes the user aware of being connected to the surfer (Dodd, 2001). Bluetooth has served its purpose using the radio frequency technology. The connection of portable devices was the initial strategy behind its creation. Also, it was created to replace the use of cables. The way people are interacting with information has been substantially revolutionized today. This has been built on the Personal Area Network that has enhanced wireless network connectivity. The old notions of connectivity have lost their meaning in the age of Bluetooth. The connection of portable, mobile gadgets to transmit information within short distances using less power without any cable is a novel step in the technological growth. The connection of the internet has been taken to a greater level where many devices can rely on a single Internet Service Provider (Anttalainen, 2003). The speci fication of Bluetooth can be found in the working framework of Bluetooth that begun at the start of the 21st century. The specification was a defining moment to the study of accessories of phones. The study on the Bluetooth specification and other accessories embarked on establishing the use of radio frequency links in supporting its working. The advantage of radio links in comparison to the cables is that it is not directional. In addition, since it uses the infra-red links between handsets and other devices, the line of sight is not necessary (Horak, 2007). The study was a success, and the results were the birth of the Bluetooth specification technology. Naming of the specification was done whereby Harald Blatand was the name given to the specification. The creation of the specification proved that the device was capable of operating in noisy radio frequency unfavorable environments. Bluetooth is centered on hopping in order to make the change robust and communication reliable. Th e avoidance of interference is enhanced through hopping, which is done before and after transmitting and receiving a packet. Bluetooth has become well suited to meet the task due to its ability to hop faster than other systems. Its strength is based on the fact that fast hooping coupled with shorter packets. The short distance transmission enjoys the support of Forward Error connection that reduces noise during the time of transmission (Horak, 2007). The baseband protocol of Bluetooth contains the circuit and packet switching. It also has slots that are preserved to be used for any form of synchronous packets and the said hopping happens in the frequency transmitted. The working of the packets is designed to take a single slot. However, in some situations, it can be extended to take up to five slots or more. The synchronizing of the voice channels maintains a consistency of more than three synchronizing voice channels. Its development ensures that it supports asynchronous data while at the same time holding the synchronous data (Dodd, 2001). Bluetooth has two power levels that are joined and their functional nature well defined. The two levels are distinct in their functions though joined together in the same device. A lower power level majors on the shorter personal level within a given room. On the other hand, a higher level power is used in maintaining coverage within the medium range of the network that may include a home. The communications with varied coverage are facilitated by the installation of software built in each microchip that ensures that the units in it are preset (Anttalainen, 2003). Bluetooth has been highly acknowledged as illustrated by its ability to save power. The fact that the device can stay in power hold mode is very helpful in saving power. The ACL link enhances that function when placed between two Bluetooth devices whereby it can stay in hold mode for a reasonable time while saving power. The change in transmission at this mode is witnessed where the ACL packets do not transmit any information from the master code. The function is only applicable when there is no need to transmit information for a long time. The transmitter in such a case can also be switched off so as to reduce power use. At a point whereby the connection of the Bluetooth is required, the transceiver may be switched off to assist in discovering a device by the Bluetooth. A similar disconnection is used when joining other Pico nets. The data messages send through the devices is also kept at hold. The device also has the capacity to transmit the message or to leave it (Dodd, 2001). The measurement of the power that goes to the antennae is distinct from the RSSI value since Bluetooth has the dynamic regulation of transmitter power. The RSSI has several differences associated with the increase and decrease of power in the device. The Bluetooth power transmission is based on the decrease and increase of output power in one step. The transmitter power in Bluetooth is set such that it is independent of different slave codes. In Bluetooth transmission, interference from one slave code cannot affect the master’s power transmitter at the same time (Horak, 2007). Audio transmissions are also a very impressive feature of Bluetooth. The transmissions occur between one or more Blue tooth devices connected together. These transmissions do not go through the L2CAP layer, and it is transmitted directly. Direct transmission is enhanced through the establishment of the Bluetooth link. This is also boosted by initiating a direct establishment amongst the Bluetooth devices. The use of Blue tooth would not have been possible without the Host Controller interface method that links the Bluetooth hardware devices. There is need for a command interface to ensure effective accessibility of the hardware control status. In this respect, an interface to the Baseband manager serves the purpose. The command has the control and event registers to have the functions simplified (Anttalainen, 2003). The Link Manager Protocol is highly responsible in linking the set up between two Bluetooth devices. Its main functions are to handle the control of packet sizes used in data transmission. The power saving advantage is supported by the availability of the Link Manager Protocol that deals with the management of power modes. In addition, the protocol also controls power usage, as well as the condition of Bluetooth piconet (Dodd, 2001). Conclusion The literature reviewed has shown that the role of Bluetooth in the new technological age cannot go unnoticed. The device has enabled wireless connection within short distances without the use of cables. Bluetooth has helped in the management of global energy by creating a way of saving power. The fast transmission of data through the device improves its effectiveness. It remains more popular in the wireless connection of personal networks and the cellular phones use. However, it should b e remembered that the device deserves high levels of security control since hackers may interfere with information on transmission. In addition, the issue of scatter net is a prime threat to the working of Bluetooth, and it ought to be addressed. References Anttalainen, T. (2003). Introduction to telecommunications network engineering. Boston: Artech House. Dodd, A.Z. (2001). The essential guide to telecommunications. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR. Horak, R. (2007). Telecommunications and data communications handbook. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons.

Persuasive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Persuasive Speech - Essay Example the food that is served to us in the school cafeteria, they may actually be serving us Frankenstein foods or genetically modified foods which are not healthy. This is not to blame the canteen administrators because many of the foods sold at our groceries are in fact genetically modified and it is very difficult to figure out whether they are organic or not (Kenner). Genetically modified foods are already prevalent. They are a product of the factorization of our food industry that seeks to produce food in scale, albeit of lower quality than those that are naturally grown by our farmers. They are also peppered with chemicals so do not be surprised if you still do not feel nourished after a plentiful meal because most of the food you ate was not really food but were mostly composed of chemicals. This is not to say that natural foods are already gone and totally replaced by genetically modified foods. They are still present and are still grown by our farmers. Only that their products are seldomly picked by our grocery stores because they favor the GMO’s more than the healthier organic foods. Being such, GMO is ever present in the current servings of our cafeteria through its fast food servings. I understand that my fellow students love fast foods because of its taste and convenience. I do not like to contradict only that fast foods are not healthy both to our body and environment. This is supported by experts who concluded that â€Å"consumption of fast food, which have high energy densities and glycemic loads, and expose customers to excessive portion sizes, may be greatly contributing to the escalating the rates of overweight and obesity in the USA†. This was supported further by the study of Currie who suggested that the increase in the supply of fast food restaurants have a significant effect on obesity. It is evident that consuming non-organic food is unhealthy both to the body and environment. GMO’s food which is present in fast foods and most

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Not sure - Essay Example The scene challenges essentialist ideas about gender and identity issues because Merida undermines and opposes her family and community that promote the negation of women’s free will and autonomy. The scene exposes the binary distinction between traditional and non-traditional gender norms and conduct. Merida challenges essentialist norms about gender because she is not like typical princesses, who love beautifying themselves and preparing for romance and marriage. She dislikes making herself physically attractive to anyone, especially another man. She even hates acting and dressing like a princess because the tight clothing disables her from moving freely around and doing anything she wants. Figure 1 shows her slumped on the princess’ chair, instead of having the usual grand posture of a â€Å"real† lady, as her mother would have emphasized. Merida’s poor countenance and posture breach customary gender etiquette. Furthermore, Merida loathes having no free will in the events unfolding before her. Lady Elinor announces the goal of the arrow shooting competition. Whoever wins will marry her daughter. Merida shakes her head and looks sullen and dejected. See Figure 1. She contests the idea that she needs a man to vie for her, which fundamentally means, a man who will end her freedom and autonomy. Merida is unlike other princesses who are happily groomed to be married. Other princesses will be excited and eager to meet their princes, their future husbands. Lady Elinor prepares Merida for this stage in her life, but the latter has no inclination for a married life. The competition seems like a death sentence to her. In addition, romance usually serves as a driving force for princesses. Merida is not the typical princess at all because romance is the last thing on her mind. She wants adventure in the woods, shooting targets, and riding alone and free. As she blows out her exasperation, a stray hair falls on her face. It represents her stra y nature, a nature that resists heteronormativity. Heteronormativity insists that as a princess, her greatest role in life is to be married off to a prince someday. She opposes heteronormativity because she does not want to get married and lose her precious freedom. Merida wants to own her life, including her decision for marriage. Figure 1: Sullen and Dejected Merida Aside from exploring the sharp contrast between traditional and non-traditional gender norms, the scene depicts a young woman’s struggle in defining new gender-identity relations. Merida disrespects the traditional connection between gender and identity, where she is expected to be, not just an ordinary woman, but a princess who will preserve traditional inter-clan marriage customs. The scene shows that the community generally blindly follows gender norms and traditional customs. Women, in particular, believe in the romantic notion of the competition. When the vain prince is shown, some of them swoon and fall in love with him. These people represent women who reinforce traditional gender norms and identity, where they allow their society-molded womanhood to dictate their interests and destinies. Merida is different from them. She opposes the traditional gender-identity relationship by defying traditions and gender roles. Figure 1 suggests that she is not someone who will accept her fate too easily. She will not be forced to marry anyone, just